The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.